Rulebase

Hyphen with Foreign Phrases, Proper Nouns, and Family Terms as Modifiers

The Hyphen

Rulebase Summary

Do not hyphenate foreign expressions or proper nouns when they modify a noun (ad hoc committee, prima facie evidence). For family terms, hyphenate compounds using 'great' or the phrase 'in-law' (great-grandmother, mother-in-law), but do not hyphenate those using 'grand' or 'step' (grandmother, stepson).

Use a hyphen between two nouns showing one person holds more than one function, one thing serves more than one purpose, or two people share a common relationship (attorney-client, doctor-patient, work-study). Use a hyphen between two proper nouns that act as a one-thought modifier. When a hyphen already exists within one of the proper nouns, a dash may be used instead of a second hyphen.

Morson's Rule 166 · p.105 Morson's Rule 167 · p.105 Morson's Rule 168 · p.105-106 BGGP Hyphen.30 · p.282 BGGP Hyphen.31 · p.282 Morson's Rule 279 · p.156

Examples

Q. Was this covered by the attorney client privilege?

Q. Was this covered by the attorney-client privilege?

Two nouns showing a shared relationship require a hyphen.

A. She is my great grandmother on my mother's side.

A. She is my great-grandmother on my mother's side.

Family terms with 'great' take a hyphen, but 'grand' and 'step' do not.

Style Guide References (6)

Morson's

Rule 166 Page 105

Morson's

Rule 167 Page 105

Morson's

Rule 168 Page 105-106

BGGP

Hyphen.30 Page 282

BGGP

Hyphen.31 Page 282

Morson's

Rule 279 Page 156
See also (3)