Rulebase

No Hyphen After -ly Adverbs or More/Most/Less

The Hyphen

Rulebase Summary

Do not use a hyphen between an adverb ending in -ly and a participle (newly completed, professionally oriented, wholly owned). The test: remove the participle — if what remains makes no sense on its own, the -ly word is an adverb and no hyphen is needed. If the sentence still makes sense, the -ly word is an adjective and a hyphen is required (worldly-minded, homely-faced, family-oriented).

Do not use a hyphen between the adverbs more, most, or less and an adjective (most compelling, more important, less restrictive). However, other superlative or comparative forms of adverbs are hyphenated to participles or adjectives that precede nouns (best-known author, highest-ranking officer), though dictionaries vary on whether some have grown together (bestselling vs. best-selling).

Morson's Rule 161 · p.102 Morson's Rule 162 · p.102-103 BGGP Hyphen.32 · p.283 BGGP Hyphen.36 · p.284

Examples

A. It was a newly-constructed building.

A. It was a newly constructed building.

Newly is an adverb ending in -ly — no hyphen before the participle.

Q. Was he a family oriented person?

Q. Was he a family-oriented person?

Family is an adjective (the sentence 'He was family' still makes sense), so it takes a hyphen.

Transcript Notes

Do hyphen other superlative or comparative forms of adverbs to participles or adjectives that precede nouns, but check dictionaries to see if any have grown together and dropped the hyphen. Dictionaries do not agree on the spelling of some superlatives as compound adjectives (best selling, best-selling, bestselling).

Style Guide References (4)

Morson's

Rule 161 Page 102

Morson's

Rule 162 Page 102-103

BGGP

Hyphen.32 Page 283

BGGP

Hyphen.36 Page 284
See also (3)