Quotation Marks Around Defined or Identified Words
The Quotation Mark
Rulebase Summary
Use quotation marks around a word or phrase when it is being defined, further identified, or specifically pointed out in the testimony. This is common during objections (e.g., objecting to a specific word used) and when attorneys question witnesses about specific word choices.
Examples
MR. HARRIS: Objection as to appointed and represent.
MR. HARRIS: Objection as to "appointed" and "represent."
Words being specifically identified need quotation marks.
Q. When you say incident, what exactly do you mean by that?
Q. When you say "incident," what exactly do you mean by that?
Quoted word being defined or questioned.
Transcript Notes
This construction is extremely common in court reporting. As testimony unfolds, each side frequently asks for clarification of specific words and phrases. Sometimes it is a single word that needs clarification; sometimes it is a phrase or a whole sentence. Common patterns include 'What do you mean by "leaving the firm"?' and 'Objection as to "appointed" and "represent."'
Use quotation marks around words or phrases introduced by expressions like 'called,' 'entitled,' 'known as,' 'labeled,' 'named,' 'signed,' 'termed,' 'the expression,' 'the term,' or 'the word.' Italics may be used instead when CAT software permits.
If the quoted or italicized word/phrase is repeated, do not continue to quote or italicize after the first instance. Do not quote words following 'marked' or 'labeled' if those words refer to exhibits.
Style Guide References (2)
BGGP
Morson's